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Rubik’s Cube

 

toin under 2 minutes

 

In the 2020 lockdown I learned how to solve a 3x3x3 Rubik’s Cube by following a set of videos by Cubastic.  While it’s not the quickest way to solve a 3x3x3 cube, it is really easy and these notes remind me of the steps using this method.

You could learn this method by following these notes but the videos are great and walk you through it.  Use the “show ...” buttons for more details.

 

1 algorithm(reversed)
right hand:RH=RUR'U'RH'=URU'R'
left hand: LH=L'U'LULH'=U'L'UL

 

ensure centre of the up-face is yellow for all steps (except 7)

 

resultalgorithms and notes
1white
edges
(around yellow centre)
  • position each white edge around the yellow centre (as in the picture)
2white
cross

(bottom view)
F2
  • rotate up-layer so front colour of a white edge-piece matches centre colour of front-face - then: F2
  • do for all white edges so white cross has matching middle-layer centres
3white
layer

(bottom view)
RHor RH'
  • rotate up-layer (with yellow centre) so a corner-piece to go down-right, is up-right - then repeat algorithm until the corner is in its final position
tip: if white face of corner-piece is at the front, use: RH'
4middle
layer
RH5 y LH5= RH' y LH'
  • rotate up-layer so front colour of a middle-layer edge-piece matches front centre - to go to the right use algorithm - else mirror it i.e: LH' y' RH'
  • if middle layer edge-piece is flipped, use algorithm to move it out
5yellow
cross
F RH F'or F RH' F'
  • yellow line on up-face parallel to the front: use 1st algorithm
  • yellow “9 o’clock” on up-face (see right): use 2nd algorithm
  • neither of the above: use 2nd algorithm + U + 1st algorithm
6locate
corners
RH3 y LH3
  • rotate up-layer so 2 corners on the same side are in the correct location - then rotate whole cube so they’re both on the left and use algorithm
  • if not possible - use algorithm then try again
7yellow
face

(bottom view)
RH
  • with white as up-face: rotate down-layer so a yellow corner (to be oriented) is down-right - then repeat algorithm until it’s oriented correctly
  • keep the same front-face and repeat until yellow face is complete
8finish
cube
RH LH RH5 LH5 (see note)
  • with front-face complete: use algorithm
    (with no face complete: use algorithm then try again)
tip: if colour to go to back-face is on the left, swap right & left
note: RH6 (RH six times) returns the cube to its original state, so  RH5 = RH'  and  RH3 = RH'3  - this means, while you don't need to learn the algorithms backwards, it will save a lot of time.

3x3x3 cube notation

All moves are 90° (= ¼ turn)

rotate layer clockwise:

U = up
D = down 
L = left
R = right 
F = front
B = back

apostrophe (or “prime”) = rotate backwards (anti-clockwise):

e.g.
U'
or
R'

trailing number = repeat move that many times

e.g.
L2
or
D2
(= ½ turn = 180°)

whole cube rotations around each axis:

x = x axis (as R)
y = y axis (as U)
z = z axis (as F)

“Slice” moves = middle layer only:

M: “middle” (as L)
E: “equator” (as D)
S: “standing” (as F)

lower case letters = 2 layers:

e.g.
b = both back layers
u = both up layers

(also used is layer followed by a ‘w’ e.g. Lw or Uw)

larger cube notation

as above except/and:

lower case layer letters = inner layers:

e.g.
r = the inner-right layer
u = inner-up layer

lower case “slice” letters = both inner layers:

e.g.
m = all “middle” layers (see 3x3x3 moves)

layer followed by a ‘w’ (wide) = 2 layers:

e.g.
Lw = both left layers
Uw = both up layers

(also used is upper+lower case e.g. Ll or Uu)

leading number = that number of layers:

e.g.
3L = the 3 leftmost layers

Acronyms

Some acronyms associated with solving “twisty cubes”

CFOP: cross, F2L, OLL, PLL  (not used on this page)
(also called "Fridrich method")

F2L: First 2 Layers

OLL: Orient the Last Layer
(make the upper face yellow)

PLL: Permutate Last Layer
(after OLL move pieces around to complete layer)

 

Click a heading below to see more.
 

These simple routines speed up some of the steps above:

3if the white face of the corner-piece is on the top face you can use:
(R U2 R') U'  (R U R')
6rotate up-layer so only 1 corner is in the correct location then:
  • to move 3 corners anti-clockwise - rotate cube so correct corner is front-right then: (starting with your right hand)
    (U R U' L')  (U R' U' L)
  • to move 3 corners clockwise - rotate cube so correct corner is front-left then: (starting with your left hand)
    (U' L' U R)  (U' L U R')

Gift wrap: move all the corners of the F, U and R faces clockwise:

 

“Superflip”: flip every edge piece:

Note: there are many versions of this algorithm (e.g. below) but I think like the one above as the moves are effectively R U R U' e.g. M' & x are both in the R direction

effectively: R U U' F'

effectively: R' U' U' R

effectively: R' U' U F'

effectively: U R R' U

Note: an easy way to do M' is Rw R'
- reverse it by repeating the algorithm from any orientation!

Also: (...)3  =  repeat (...) 3 times

 

 

Simply follow steps 3, 6 and 7 for the 3x3x3 cube above.

 

This is the ‘Reduction Method’ which makes it behave like a 3x3x3 cube - then we can use the 3x3x3 steps above:

  • solve the centres (step 1)
  • pair the edges (steps 2 & 3)
  • solve like a 3x3x3 (instances which can't happen on a 3x3x3 are fixed by steps 4 & 5)
1white 2x2 centre    yellow 2x2 centre (opposite white)    other 2x2 centres (use a white or yellow corner to check which color goes on which side)
 
2white edges    non-yellow edges:

- position 2 edge pieces so that Lw' or Rw would complete the edge, then:

Lw' or Rw    U or U'    replace the complete edge with a non-complete edge (using Ln or Rn ) then reverse the previous 2 moves
 
3last 2 unsolved edges:

- position identical edge pieces so they have the same colour on the F face (as in the diagram) then:

Uw' (R U R') (F R' F' R) Uw

Note: the bit between Uw' & Uw flips the F/R edge 180°

To mirror it (i.e. flip the F/L edge):

Uw (L' U' L) (F' L F L') Uw'

 or
3last 3 unsolved edges:

- position 2 edge pieces as above    move the other, matching top-edge piece as in the diagram, then: (if it’s on the right start with Rw)

Rw U' R' U Rw'  or  Lw' U L U' Lw

Note: these are exactly the same moves as part 2 above

 
4final layer - no yellow bar or ‘L’ shape:
Rw U2 x (Rw U2)2  (Rw' U2 Lw U2 Rw' U2)  Rw U2 Rw' U2 Rw'

Note: every right wide (and one left wide) is separated by an U2
This flips the U/F edge 180°

 
5

final layer - 2 adjacent or opposite yellow edges:

r2 U2  r2 Uw2  r2 u2

Note: an easy way to do r2 is Rw2 R2'

3x3x3 cube in a cube: move the outside F, U and R faces clockwise:

Note: also works for a 3x3x3 cube

Also: make these all ‘w’ (wide) moves and it will make a 2x2x2 cube in a cube!

 

Stripey sides:

 

 

 

This is the ‘Reduction Method’ which is very similar (but easier) to the 4x4x4 steps above:

  • solve the centres (step 1)
  • pair the edges (steps 2, 3 & 4)
  • solve like a 3x3x3 (unlike the 4x4x4, once you get to this stage it's plain sailing)
for each 3x3 centre: first complete the 3 across the middle, then one edge and then the other
 
1

white 3x3 centre    yellow 3x3 centre    other 3x3 centres (don’t worry about the order as the centres can’t move - same as a 3x3x3)

tip: to complete the last 3x3 edge: with 1 corner on the correct face, put the other 2 together on an adjacent face

 
1a

last 2 adjacent centres each with 1 piece unsolved:
(this is an alternative to the tip above)

- middle pieces: position unsolved pieces on the left of the F and U faces, then:

Lw F' M F Lw' F' M'

- corner pieces: position unsolved pieces in the top-right of the F and U faces, then:

Rw' F' Lw F Rw F' Lw'

 
2white edges    non-yellow edges:

- same method as 4x4x4

Note: you can do just 2 or all 3 edge pieces at a time

 
3last 2 unsolved edges:

- use the same method as 4x4x4 to move edge piece(s) to the opposite side of the F face and flip the edge 180°

 
4

final edge - correct pieces but not orientation:

Rw U2 x (Rw U2)2  (3Rw' U2 Lw U2 Rw' U2)  Rw U2 Rw' U2 Rw'

Note: same as the 4x4x4 algorithm exept for the ‘3’
This flips the 2 outside U/F pieces (corner and edge on both sides) 180°

“Superflip”: flip every edge piece:

Note: very similar to 3x3x3 Superflip
- reverse it from any orientation - but do the bottom line first!

 

Half “Superflip”: flip the edge pieces of the U, R and B faces:

Note: easily mixed up with the Superflip
- reverse it by doing the bottom line first making sure one mixed-up corner is at the U/R/B corner

 

 

 

Where pieces need to be rearranged to fit the reduction method.

flip U/F outer edge pieces 180°

  • use to complete the last edge
  • every Rw and Lw is separated by an U2
  • all these algorithms are basically the same!

4x4x4

Rw U2 x (Rw U2)2  (Rw' U2 Lw U2 Rw' U2)  Rw U2 Rw' U2 Rw'

Note: Rw is the same as 2Rw

 

5x5x5

Rw U2 x (Rw U2)2  (3Rw' U2 Lw U2 Rw' U2)  Rw U2 Rw' U2 Rw'

 

6x6x6

Rw U2 x (Rw U2)2  (4Rw' U2 Lw U2 Rw' U2)  Rw U2 Rw' U2 Rw'

 

7x7x7

and

Rw U2 x (Rw U2)2 (5Rw' U2 Lw U2 Rw' U2)  Rw U2 Rw' U2 Rw'

 

3Rw U2 x (3Rw U2)2 (4Rw' U2 3Lw U2 3Rw' U2)  3Rw U2 3Rw' U2 3Rw'

 

 

flip the whole U/F edge 180°

  • use to create the yellow cross
  • only applies to even cubes

4x4x4

Rw U2 x (Rw U2)2  (Rw' U2 Lw U2 Rw' U2)  Rw U2 Rw' U2 Rw'

Note: Rw and Lw is half of the cube.

Also: this is the same as the algorithm above as the outside edge pieces of a 4x4x4 is the whole edge (included for completeness and comparison)

 

6x6x6

3Rw U2 x (3Rw U2)2  (3Rw' U2 3Lw U2 3Rw' U2)  3Rw U2 3Rw' U2 3Rw'

Note: actually the same as 4x4x4 in that each nRw or nLw is half the cube.

 

 

swap the F and B edges of the U layer

  • keeps the rest of the U face (& layer) intact
  • use to finish the last layer
  • only applies to even cubes

4x4x4

(r2 U2) (r2 Uw2) (r2 u2)

Note: remember r is the inside right layer (r = Rw2 R2).

 

6x6x6

(3Rw2 F2 U2) (3Rw2 R2 U2 F2) 3Rw2

 

 

 

Cube links

 

Note: shorter algorithms exist for some scenarios on this page but I like these as they’re easier to remember

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